Macro Instructions for Accessing Objects, Attributes, Methods (BOR) - SAP Business Workflow

You can use these macros for simplifying access to Business Object Repository objects.

Prerequisites

The include file <cntain> (Container-Macros) must be incorporated into the program in order to use these macros.

Features

You must declare variables in which an object reference is to be stored with the following instruction:
DATA: <Object> TYPE SWC_OBJECT.

General macros

• SWC_CREATE_OBJECT <Object> <Objecttype> <Objectkey>.
  Creates an object reference for an object key of an object type.
  You must pass the object-specific key in <ObjectKey> and the ID of the object type in <ObjectType> . You must pass <ObjectType> either as a character string or as a variable declared with LIKE SWOTOBJID-OBJTYPE .
  The object reference created is returned in the variable <Object> . You must declare <Object> with type SWC_OBJECT .
  If the variable <ObjectKey> has the value SPACE , a reference to the object type is returned in <Object> . You can use this to query properties of the object type (attributes, methods, events).
• SWC_REFRESH_OBJECT <Object>.
  Object attributes that reference a database field are read from the database again when next accessed.
  You must pass the object reference in <Object> . You must declare <Object> with type SWC_OBJECT .
  You should use this macro instruction after execution of methods that can change attributes (for example Edit , Update , Change ).
• SWC_GET_OBJECT_TYPE <Object> <ObjectType>.
  The object type for the object reference is established.
  You must pass the object reference in <Object> . You must declare <Object> with type SWC_OBJECT .
  The object type is returned in the variable <ObjectType> . You can declare <ObjectType> with LIKE SWOTOBJID-OBJTYPE .
• SWC_GET_OBJECT_KEY <Object> <ObjectKey>.
  The object key for the object reference is established.
  You must pass the object reference in <Object> . You must declare <Object> with type SWC_OBJECT .
  The object key is returned in the variable <ObjectKey> . You can declare <ObjectKey> with LIKE SWOTOBJID-OBJKEY .
• SWC_CALL_METHOD <Object> <Method> <Container>.The method defined for an object type is executed on an object of this object type.
  You must pass the object reference in <Object> and the method to be executed in <Method> . You must declare <Object> with type SWC_OBJECT .
  The import parameters of the method are passed in the variable <Container> . The result and the export parameters of the method executed are also stored in <Container> . If the method called raises an exception, the number of the exception is stored in the system variable SY-SUBRC and any values in the variables SY-MSGV1 , ..., SY-MSGV4 .
  An example of a call of this kind can be found in Programmed Call of Method .
  If you pass SPACE for <Method> , the default method is executed.
  You must pass a container even if no parameters are defined for the method called. Therefore you create and initialize an empty container with the following macro instructions:
  SWC_CONTAINER <Container>. SWC_CREATE_CONTAINER <Container>.
• SWC_GET_PROPERTY <Object> <Attribute> <AttributeValue>. SWC_GET_TABLE_PROPERTY <Object> <Attribute> <AttributeValue>.
  The value of the specified attribute is established. If it is a virtual attribute , this is done dynamically.
  You must pass the object reference in <Object> and the attribute or key field to be read in <Attribute> . You must declare <Object> with type SWC_OBJECT .
  The value of the attribute or key field is returned in the variable <AttributeValue> . SWC_GET_PROPERTY returns a single value, SWC_GET_TABLE_PROPERTY returns a multiline value in an internal table.
  An example of a call of this kind can be found in Programmed Access to an Attribute .

Executing macros on own object
All the macros in the section General Macros can also be executed directly on the object itself in the implementation program. To do this, you replace <Object> with SELF in the macro calls.

ExampleAttribute values of the current object can be read by calling SWC_GET_PROPERTY SELF <Attribute> <AttributeValue>.

Setting an object key
When implementing methods with which an object is created, the object key must be set. The typically applies to the methods Create and Find . Use the macro following macro instruction:
SWC_SET_OBJECTKEY <ObjectKey>.
The object key to be set is passed in the variable <ObjectKey> . An example of a call of this kind can be found in Programming Instance-Independent Methods .

Raising Exceptions
Within the implementation program, you can raise the exceptions defined for a method. Use the macro following macro instruction:
EXIT_RETURN <Exception> <Var1> <Var2> <Var3> <Var4>.

Pass the number of the exception in <Exception> and the four task parameters displayed in <Varn> . The parameters can be SPACE . <Exception> must be declared with LIKE SWOTINVOKE-CODE .

How To Select Or Reject A Quotation

Step 1)

1. Select the quotation that's favorable (you want to process it further as it's having the best conditions). Go to ME47 transaction, enter your quotation number.

Step 2) Now you are in the ME47 transaction. Here you can choose the item and go to the item details screen.

1. Select the item.
2. Click on the item details icon.

Step 3)

1. Enter (or choose from the list of available values) B or C for the InfoUpdate field in Quotation data section to update the info record. In this field, you can also find rejection indicator used to reject the quotation item. We will use it to reject the other offer.

InfoUpdate field is used to update the info record in several ways:

• ' ' (blank) The info record is not updated.
• 'A' If an info record exists at plant level, it is updated. Otherwise an info record at purchasing organization level is updated.
• 'B' If plant conditions are allowed for the plant, an info record at plant level is updated.
• 'C' If plant conditions are not necessary for the plant, an info record at purchasing organization level is updated.

  

2. Save the data.

Rejecting quotations

You should head back to the report screen. Once there, you can select the other quotation (we want it to be rejected), and repeat the process until you are on the item details screen. You will not enter the information into InfoUpdate field but will tick the "Rej. Ind." check box. By this, you are rejecting the quotation item.

Step 1)

1. Rejection indicator.

You will be prompted to print the rejection message for the items being rejected so you could inform the vendor of the status of his offer.You can repeat the process for all the vendors and items that are rejected. This now leaves us with one open quotation for the item.

ref: www.guru99.com

Overview Of Quotation

Request for Quotations

Request for Quotations are requests for vendors to provide us information about their best prices, terms and conditions, schedule of deliveries and other information in order to select the best source for our procurement needs (Source Determination).

Below you can see the process flow for quotations in purchasing in SAP MM module.

Quotation process is started with creation of a request for quotation and send the RFQ to the chosen vendor, who then send their quotation or rejection letter. Afterwards maintenance of the quotations to input all the information received from possible vendors. Then we want to compare the offers and select the best suitable one(s) rejecting the others. In SAP, there are several transaction used in the process.

How to create Request for quotation

First we need to create a request for quotation. RFQs can be created by transaction ME41. We can create a new RFQ from scratch, or create one referencing to an existing purchase requisition or outline agreement. If you want to create the RFQ using a reference document, you will just need to click the appropriate button and enter the referencing document number. In this case, we are creating a new RFQ with no reference document.

Step 1) In transaction ME41 , enter:

1. RFQ type: quotation type (A - standard RFQ).
2. Language key: language to be used in a quotation (EN - English).
3. RFQ date: Todays date.
4. Quotation deadline: this date has to be before delivery date.
5. RFQ number: enter a number you want to assign to quotation (if you want it to be assigned internally leave this field blank).
6. Purch. organization: purchase organization (e.g. 0001).
7. Purchasing group: purchasing group (e.g. 001).
8. Item category: default is blank – standard item.
9. Delivery date: requested delivery date.
10. Plant.
11. Storage location: SLoc for goods receipt.
12. Requirement tracking number.

Press ENTER, and you will be located on header data screen.

Step 2)

1. Validity range: enter the range for the validity period. Other information such as collective number (collective management of multiple documents), deadline for bid submission, closing a date for applications and binding period for quotation.
2. Collective number – Coll.no is a very important field as you can later compare quotations based on this information, or find RFQs using this number.
3. You can enter the warranty date if applicable.
4. Target value: threshold value for warning a message during the creation of the contract release order.

You should inspect the toolbar to see which screens can be called by using the icons.

Step 3) Among the icons in the toolbar you will find  "Vendor Address" button, where you can:

1. Choose the appropriate vendor. If it's one time vendor, after entering vendor number you need to specify vendor address.

Step 4) In the toolbar, you will also find the overview button which calls the item overview screen.

Item overview screen is the place where you can enter item information, materials, quantities...

1. Material number: insert materials to be procured.
2. RFQ quantity: enter needed quantity and unit of measure.You can inspect more screens from toolbar and save the document.

You can always go back to edit the request for quotation using the t-code ME42 or display it's information using ME43. Repeat the above process to send the RFQ to all of the vendors from which you are requesting a quotation.

If you have maintained a collective number in your quotations (we have used 190123), you can review all of the quotations for the collective number by using transaction code ME4N.

Reference: www.guru99.com

SAP Script: Standard Text (SO10)

Q & A:

Q: why text in so10 is grayed out?
A: text as symbol is grayed out.

Q: This issue causes my text to be deleted (html tags): "Unpermitted character formats will be deleted;
continue anyway? "

A: Unanswer

A: I cannot print by output type?

Its becuase you might not be having data for output like Output type,language etc. (these data is stored in NAST table)

Goto VA22- Extras-Output-Header-Edit

Insert output type, no of messages etc & save --> Further data.

Now goto VA23 & Select issue output to-select your output Type -Tick Print Preview-YOU WILL See print preview.

I_OI_SPREADSHEET

This class provides document management for sheet of Excel File.

Method:

• GET_SHEETS                        Get the names of all worksheets in Excel File

DATA: IT_SHEETS       TYPE          SOI_SHEETS_TABLE.

CALL METHOD IREF_SPREADSHEET->GET_SHEETS

   EXPORTING

     NO_FLUSH = ' '

   IMPORTING

     SHEETS   = IT_SHEETS

     ERROR    = IREF_ERROR.

• SELECT_SHEET                   Activate a Sheet

CALL METHOD IREF_SPREADSHEET->SELECT_SHEET

     EXPORTING

       NAME  = WA_SHEETS-SHEET_NAME

     IMPORTING

       ERROR = IREF_ERROR.

   IF IREF_ERROR->HAS_FAILED = 'X'.

     CONTINUE.

   ENDIF.

• SET_SELECTION                    Set range to read the data

CALL METHOD IREF_SPREADSHEET->SET_SELECTION

     EXPORTING

       TOP     = 4

       LEFT    = 1

       ROWS    = 2000

       COLUMNS = 8.

• INSERT_RANGE                     Insert a New Range

CALL METHOD IREF_SPREADSHEET->INSERT_RANGE

     EXPORTING

       NAME     = 'Test'

       ROWS     = 2000

       COLUMNS  = 8

       NO_FLUSH = ''

     IMPORTING

       ERROR    = IREF_ERROR.

• GET_RANGES_DATA              Get the data of a range in spreadsheet

DATA : L_IT_RANGE  TYPE SOI_DIMENSION_TABLE,

            L_WA_RANGE  TYPE SOI_DIMENSION_ITEM.

* create data range to selected

L_WA_RANGE-ROW     = 2.

L_WA_RANGE-COLUMN  = 1.

L_WA_RANGE-ROWS    = 2000.

L_WA_RANGE-COLUMNS = 9.

APPEND L_WA_RANGE TO L_IT_RANGE.

CALL METHOD IREF_SPREADSHEET->GET_RANGES_DATA

     EXPORTING

       RANGESDEF = L_IT_RANGE   "indicate range in which data to be read

     IMPORTING

       CONTENTS  = IT_DATA             "Internal table to contain the data

       ERROR     = IREF_ERROR

     CHANGING

       RANGES    = IT_RANGES.

I_OI_DOCUMENT_PROXY

General Document Interface

Each instance of the interface I_OI_DOCUMENT_PROXY administers and controls a document that you want to open in the office application. If you want to open several documents at once, you need an instance for each document.
You can create an instance of I_OI_DOCUMENT_PROXY using the interface I_OI_CONTAINER_CONTROL.
The interface exposes methods that you can use to control the document from your application program (for example, open, close, save).

They are divided into the methods that all OLE2 desktop applications provide, and those that can also be used through a standard interface. The following tables provide an overview of these methods:

• Method:
• • OPEN_DOCUMENT
  • CALL METHOD IREF_DOCUMENT->OPEN_DOCUMENT
        EXPORTING
          DOCUMENT_TITLE = 'Excel'
          DOCUMENT_URL   = file path
          OPEN_INPLACE   = 'X'
        IMPORTING
          ERROR          = IREF_ERROR.
  • GET_SPREADSHEET_INTERFACE         
  • Returns an Interface Reference
  • The return of interface Reference I_OI_SPREADSHEET IREF_SPREADSHEET is used to access the spreadsheet of excel file.
  • CALL METHOD IREF_DOCUMENT->GET_SPREADSHEET_INTERFACE
        EXPORTING
          NO_FLUSH        = ' '
        IMPORTING
          ERROR           = IREF_ERROR
          SHEET_INTERFACE = IREF_SPREADSHEET.

Q&A (SAP Query)

Q: How to create a check box in SAP Query SQ01/SQ02 ?

A: This can be done in Infoset itself (SQ02).

Select the pushbutton labeled Extras.

Select the tab labeled Selections, then click on Create icon.

On Create Selection popup, enter the name of the field say 'test' and select radiobutton Parameter.

On next popup, enter description and selection text.  For the format option, enter type C and length 1.  For Extras enter "AS CHECKBOX"

. 

See this image:

Now the code you need to write inthe 'Record Processing' section of the Code tab.

Save the code.

Generate Infoset.

Run transacction SQ01.

Execute with the query made on this infoset.

You will find the checkbox in the selection-screen.

Check this and execute for desired result.

Workflow: Asynchronous and Synchronous Method

Asynchronous object method: You must define at least one terminating event for tasks that refer to an asynchronous object method . At runtime, the relevant work item is only terminated when a terminating events occurs (you may trigger the terminating event in your method implementation).

Synchronous object method: You can define a terminating event for tasks that refer to a synchronous object method . At runtime, the relevant work item is terminated when the synchronous method has been successfully executed or when one of the terminating events occurs.

A terminating event applies to one instance of a task only, that is, to one specific work item. The work item in turn refers to one specific object for the object type. You must specify a connection to this object for the terminating event. The object is specified in the _WI_OBJECT_ID element.

SAP Query Tutorial

SAP Query is SAP’s tool to define and execute once own reports without knowing ABAP programming language.

The whole process comprises of 3 steps:

- First create an user group SQ03.

- Second, create an infoset SQ02.

- Third, create a query SQ01.

Now let's go into details of each step:

• Create a user group SQ03
• The technical definition of “User Groups” is a collection of SAP users who are grouped together.
• A user’s assignment to a user group determines which queries he or she can execute or maintain. Additionally, it designates which InfoSets the user can access.
• Basically, Query Groups permit users to create, modify, and execute reports in a certain area within R/3.

• Create an Infoset SQ02
• An InfoSet describes which fields of a data source can be reported on in queries. InfoSets are assigned to user groups.
• Steps:
• Navigate to the Infoset Initial screen using transaction code SQ02. Type the InfoSet name that you will be creating, ZMYINFOTEST, and select the Create button.
• Type the name of the infoset, e.g. TEST FOR INFOSET. Choose the data source and press ok button.
• You will be provided with a screen as shown below. Select insert table icon in application tool bar. A popup will appear, give the table name to be inserted and select OK button.
• 
• For maintaining the infoset, click on Infoset button. A popup opens asking what fields should be there in field groups. Select radio button Create empty field groups and press Ok.
• Two empty field groups got created. In the left pane, we find the list of fields in the tables we insert as previous steps.

                       

• Drag and drop the fields from the left pane onto the field groups.
• You can also add codes into the program when neccessary. Choose Extras → Code, select appropriate section/event to put the code in.
• Next, you need to generate the InfoSet by selecting the Generate button (the red beach ball) from the application toolbar. A message appears in the status bar saying that the InfoSet ZMYINFOSET generated.
• Go back to the main screen of SQ02 by clicking Back Button on standard toolbar. Click on Role/User Group Assignment button to assign the infoset to a specific user group.

• Create a query SQ01
• The InfoSet Query is designed for basic users to retrieve simple single-use lists of data from your database.
• Unlike the SAP Query all query information - including the selection criteria for InfoSet Query reporting - is available on a single screen.
• Steps:
• Navigate to the Queries Initial screen using transaction code SQ01. (to display the queries of an user group, you first enter that user group in tcode sq03, then you can see its query in tcode sq01.)
• Give ZINFO_QUERY as Query Name and Click on InfoSet Query button. You are prompted to select your InfoSet (data source) from a dialog box.
• If you want to look up for InfoSet of a Query (which was already assigned to InfoSet), you can find it at the column InfoSet from the display list.

• The main screen of the InfoSet Query appears. The main screen contains three areas: The actual InfoSet from which you select and choose your fields, the sample report display, and the Selection screen values.
• For creating your report, check the Output box next to each field.
• Choose fields for the Selection screen by marking Selection check box, and click the output button to execute the report.

AT FIRST, AT NEW, AT END OF, AT LAST, ON CHANGE OF

Control break statements

Control break statements are like events inside the loop. There are 5 control break statements in ABAP. These are used within loop. (Except ON CHANGE OF which can be used outside the loop as well)

• AT FIRST - ENDAT
• AT NEW - ENDAT
• AT END OF - ENDAT
• AT LAST - ENDAT
• ON CHANGE OF

Explanation:

AT FIRST : Will trigger at the first run of the loop.

AT LAST: Will trigger at the last run of the loop.

The below 3 events are normally used when the table is sorted.

AT END OF: When we use At end for a field, it will trigger whenever there is any change in any of the fields from the left to that of the particular field. The trigger point will be the at the last occurrence of the same value for the field.

AT NEW: When we use At new for a field, it will trigger whenever there is any change in any of the fields from the left to that of the particular field.The trigger point will be the at the first occurrence of the new value for the field.

ON CHANGE OF: On change of it triggers only when there is any change in the particular field.
On change of can be used outside the loop too.

Example Program:

Here is an example program which gives you the practical understanding of all control break statements.

Example Program for Control Break Statements

NOTE: It is important to note that we need a temporary work-area apart from the work-area used in loop for the last 3 control break statements. If we directly use the work-area of the loop, then we will get **** value and not the output we are expecting.

Workflow Tutorial (Overview)

Transaction: SWDD

Menu Path: Tools --> Business Workflow --> Development --> Definition tools --> Workflow Builder